Maternal Health

Maternal health is the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. For many women, motherhood is a rewarding experience. For others it is a time of ill health and sometimes even death. Direct causes of maternal morbidity and mortality include hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labor. Many of these deaths can be avoided, as medical interventions are well known. Access to medical care before, during, and after childbirth is essential to the health and well being of each mother.

Under Public Act 101-0445, effective January 1, 2020, the Medical Patient Rights Act was amended by requiring information about rights with regard to pregnancy and childbirth to be posted on this website.

In general, with regard to pregnancy and childbirth, every woman has the right to:

• receive health care before, during, and after pregnancy and childbirth
• receive care for her and her infant that is consistent with generally accepted medical standards
• choose a certified nurse midwife or physician as her maternity care professional
• choose her birth setting from the full range of birthing options available in her community
• leave her maternity care professional and select another if she becomes dissatisfied with her care
• receive information about the names of those health care professionals involved in her care
• privacy and confidentiality of records
• receive information concerning her condition and proposed treatment
• accept or refuse any treatment
• be informed if her caregivers wish to enroll her or her infant in a research study
• access her medical records
• receive information in a language in which she can communicate
• receive emotional and physical support during labor and birth
• freedom of movement during labor and to give birth in the position of her choice
• contact with her newborn
• receive information about breastfeeding
• decide collaboratively with caregivers when she and her baby will leave the birth site for home
• be treated with respect at all times before, during, and after pregnancy by her health care professionals
• examine and receive a reasonable explanation of her total bill for services

The exact language for the rights of women with regard to pregnancy and childbirth can be found under Medical Patient Rights of Women on the right side of the screen under LAWS & RULES.

The Department is excited to announce the launch of a new PrEP Medication Assistance Program. Please go to www.prep4illinois.com or call the hotline at (800) 825-3518.

Exciting advances in HIV treatment and prevention make pregnancy a safe possibility for women living with HIV. There are ways you and your partner can prevent passing HIV to one another or to your baby. You can take important steps for you and your partner’s health, regardless of your pregnancy wishes.

Due to hormone fluctuations during pregnancy, Oral health during pregnancy is important! Here are some key facts to know:

• Oral health is essential to overall health in the prenatal period.
• Oral health care during pregnancy is a shared responsibility among prenatal care health professionals, oral health professionals, and pregnant women.
• Efforts to inform health professionals about the connection between oral health and overall health during pregnancy should focus on effectively disseminating strategies that translate evidence-based guidelines into clinical practice, with the ultimate goal of improving oral-systemic health among women and children.
• Dentists who are knowledgeable about periodontal disease are more likely to counsel their patients who are pregnant about periodontal health. Future interventions should focus on improving the oral health knowledge of dentists and other health professionals about the importance of comprehensive oral health care, including periodontal treatment when needed, for all pregnant women.
• For many women, treatment of oral disease during pregnancy is particularly important because dental insurance may only be available to them during pregnancy or up to 2 months postpartum.
• Prenatal visits can be used as an opportunity to encourage pregnant women to seek preventive oral health care during pregnancy.
• There is no indication that preventive or restorative oral health treatment during any trimester of pregnancy can harm the mother or the developing fetus. Despite this, routine oral health care is often avoided or postponed for the duration of pregnancy.
• Women need accurate information about the importance of practicing good oral health habits throughout their lives as well as about the importance and safety of receiving oral health care during pregnancy.
• Intensive oral hygiene regimens decrease the incidence of gingivitis among pregnant women.
• Pregnant women with low incomes and those who are Hispanic have higher rates of tooth decay than those with higher incomes and those who are white, respectively.

• Changes in the immune system, heart, and lungs during pregnancy make pregnant women (and women up to two weeks postpartum) more prone to severe illness from flu, which could result in hospitalization.
• The flu may also be harmful for a pregnant woman’s developing baby.
• A common flu symptom is fever, which may be associated with neural tube defects and other adverse outcomes for a developing baby.

The flu shot has been shown to protect pregnant women from flu illness. Additionally a flu shot given during pregnancy has been shown to lower risk of flu illness and flu-related hospitalizations in their infants for the first several months of life. The Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM), and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) recommend flu shots for all women who are or will be pregnant during the flu season, as it has been shown to help protect both the mother and the baby for several months from the flu.

Every day actions you can take to prevent the flu include:

• Covering your cough
• Avoid close contact with those who are sick
• Stay home when you are sick
• Proper hand washing
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth—after you have touched objects that could possibly be contaminated
• Clean/disinfect frequently touched surfaces—at home, school or work, especially when someone is ill
• Manage your stress
• Eat nutritious foods and drink plenty of fluids

If you do get sick with flu symptoms, call your doctor immediately, as early treatment is important!

To learn more about Education on a variety of health topics including immunization that are delivered through text messaging and an app based on the due date or baby's birthday, visit the Text4Baby site: https://partners.text4baby.org/index.php.  Appointment reminders and an immunization tracker can be used to support a woman in getting the vaccines she needs for herself during pregnancy and for her new baby.

Yes! The flu shot is not only safe, it could help to reduce pregnancy problems that can arise from having the flu.

• Millions of flu vaccines have been given for decades, including to pregnant women, with a good safety record.
• Multiple studies have shown that women who receive the flu shot during pregnancy do not have an increased risk for miscarriage.

While a recent study found an increased risk of miscarriage in the 28 days after vaccination for women vaccinated early in pregnancy with a specific flu vaccine two years in a row, the study has been criticized for including a very small sample size.

• This study does not measure the overall risk of miscarriage and does not prove that flu vaccine was the cause of the miscarriage.
• Earlier studies have not found a link between flu vaccination and miscarriage.
• The Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), the American Academy on Immunization Practices (ACIP), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) have not changed their recommendations and all continue to recommend flu vaccination for pregnant women.

Click here to learn more about flu vaccine safety and pregnancy:

• https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm
• https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/qa_vacpregnant.htm
• https://www.vaccines.gov/who_and_when/pregnant/index.html

_{The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2017) Flu Vaccine Safety and Pregnancy. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/qa_vacpregnant.htm}

Health care providers of pregnant women play a vital role in advising patients on how to protect themselves and their developing babies against flu. Women who reported receiving a provider recommendation for and offer of vaccination, are more than twice as likely to be vaccinated compared with women who received only a recommendation but no offer of vaccination, and six times more likely to be vaccinated compared with women who did not receive a recommendation or an offer for vaccination.

Flu vaccination has been shown to protect pregnant women from flu illness. Flu is more likely to cause severe illness in pregnant women than in women who are not pregnant. The Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American College of Nurse Midwives, and the American Academy of Family Physicians have not changed their recommendations and all continue to recommend flu vaccination for pregnant women.

• The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) offers guidance for vaccine recommendations in pregnant women. See the "Letter to Providers" from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services supported by several health care professional organizations who endorse these recommendations: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pregnancy/hcp/guidelines.html
• The CDC offers information on how vaccine safety is monitored post-licensure: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/ensuringsafety/monitoring/index.html
• The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist (ACOG) offers immunization toolkits, vaccine webinars, clinical practice guidelines, email updates, and patient education resources for prenatal care providers: http://immunizationforwomen.org/providers/resources/acog-resources/default.php
• The American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) offers resources for midwives, including downloadable patient education materials with colorful visuals and succinct information on the benefits of immunization during pregnancy: http://www.midwife.org/Immunization-Resources-for-Providers

Antiviral treatment should be initiated as early as possible because studies show that treatment initiated early (i.e., within 48 hours of illness onset) is more likely to provide benefit. However, some studies of hospitalized patients with influenza, including an analysis of hospitalized pregnant women, have suggested benefit of antiviral treatment even when treatment was started more than 48 hours after illness onset.

Decisions to start antiviral treatment should not wait for laboratory confirmation of influenza because laboratory testing can delay treatment and because a negative rapid influenza diagnostic test result does not rule out influenza. Pregnant women are considered to be at higher risk of influenza complications by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, and thus, empiric treatment is recommended. Treatment decisions, especially those involving empiric treatments, should be informed by knowledge of influenza activity in the community.

For more information on antivirals for pregnant and postpartum patients, please visit the CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/avrec_ob.htm

• Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Resources for Health Professionals: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination/
• Infection Control in Health Care Facilities: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/infectioncontrol/index.htm
• Clinical Description & Lab Diagnosis of Influenza: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/index.htm
• Free Flu Materials: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/resource-center/freeresources/index.htm
• Influenza Training: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/training/index.htm
• References and Resources: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/references.htm
• Flu Activity & Surveillance: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/fluactivitysurv.htm
• Vaccine Storage & Handling: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/admin/storage/index.html
• Seasonal Flu vaccine information/Vaccine Composition: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/flushot.htm
• Materials that can be used to educate patients: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/ed/patient-ed.html

Text4baby is a free mobile health information service for pregnant women and new parents with infants under the age of 1 year. Appointment reminders and an immunization tracker can be used to support a woman in getting the vaccines she needs for herself during pregnancy and for her new baby.

Text4Baby Training Center: https://partners.text4baby.org/index.php/get-involved-pg/partners/training-center

• Depression Among Women
• Women’s Reproductive Health Information
• Fact Sheet: Postpartum Depression in IL
• Tips for Good Oral Health During Pregnancy
• Two Healthy Smiles: Tips to Keep You and Your Baby Healthy
• National Maternal & Child Oral Health Resource Center
• Resource Highlights: Oral Health During Pregnancy
• Key Facts
• Resource Guide

• Medical Patient Rights of Women

• 2018 Illinois Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Report
  
• Infographic - Breast(feeding) is Best
• Infographic - Overcoming Breastfeeding Challenges
• Maternal Depression
• Current Maternal Health Projects and Committees